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Frontiers in Medicine 2021The hepatic lipidome of patients with early stages of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been fairly well-explored. However, studies on more progressive...
The hepatic lipidome of patients with early stages of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been fairly well-explored. However, studies on more progressive forms of NAFLD, i.e., liver fibrosis, are limited. Liver fatty acids were determined in cholesteryl esters (CE), phospholipids (PL), and triacylglycerols (TAG) by gas chromatography. Cross-sectional associations between fatty acids and biopsy-proven NAFLD fibrosis ( = 60) were assessed using multivariable logistic regression models. Stages of fibrosis were dichotomized into none-mild (F0-1) or significant fibrosis (F2-4). Models were adjusted for body-mass index (BMI), age and patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 3 (PNPLA3 rs738409) (I148M) genotype. A secondary analysis examined whether associations from the primary analysis could be confirmed in the corresponding plasma lipid fractions. PL behenic acid (22:0) was directly associated [OR (95% CI): 1.86 (1.00, 3.45)] whereas PL docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3) [OR (95% CI): 0.45 (0.23, 0.89)], TAG oleic acid (18:1n-9) [OR (95% CI): 0.52 (0.28, 0.95)] and 18:1n-9 and vaccenic acid (18:1n-7) (18:1) [OR (95% CI): 0.52 (0.28, 0.96)] were inversely associated with liver fibrosis. In plasma, TAG 18:1n-9 [OR (95% CI): 0.55 (0.31, 0.99)], TAG 18:1 [OR (95% CI): 0.54 (0.30, 0.97)] and PL 22:0 [OR (95% CI): 0.46 (0.25, 0.86)] were inversely associated with liver fibrosis. Higher TAG 18:1n-9 levels were linked to lower fibrosis in both liver and plasma, possibly reflecting an altered fatty acid metabolism. Whether PL 22:6n-3 has a protective role, together with a potentially adverse effect of hepatic 22:0, on liver fibrosis warrants large-scale studies.
PubMed: 35083257
DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.814951 -
Journal of Dairy Science Oct 2022The objective of this study was to determine the effect of early lactation body condition (BC) loss in multiparous dairy cows on serum lipids and the effect of these...
The objective of this study was to determine the effect of early lactation body condition (BC) loss in multiparous dairy cows on serum lipids and the effect of these changes on oocyte and cumulus cell transcriptomes. Body condition loss in dairy cattle after parturition is associated with reduced fertility and increased pregnancy loss. The complex interplay between BC, nutrition, dry matter intake, milk production, and time of calving has presented a barrier to understanding mechanisms leading to reduced fertility. We identified cows that lost BC (L group; n = 10) or maintained or gained BC (M/G group; n = 8) during the first 27 to 33 d in milk and investigated changes in serum fatty acids and oocyte and cumulus cell transcriptomes at 75 to 81 d in milk. The L group had increased serum levels of nonesterified fatty acids and mead acid, and reduced serum levels of petroselaidic acid and behenic acid. Transcriptome analyses revealed 38 differentially expressed genes (DEG) in oocytes and 71 DEG in cumulus cells of L (n = 3) compared with M/G group (n = 3). Network analysis connected serum fatty acid changes to downstream effects including reduced inflammatory response and mitochondrial membrane depolarization, increased production of reactive oxygen species, and functions related to fatty acid metabolism and cytoplasmic organization in oocytes. These effects were associated with predicted effects on signaling in oocytes through calcium, insulin, O-GlcNAcase (OGA), fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 (FGF4R), peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 α (PPARGC1A), and phospholipase D2 (PLD2) pathways, with a connection to the cumulus cell via calcium signaling. These results connect BC loss following parturition to changes in serum lipid levels, and changes potentially affecting oocyte quality; thus, these results provide new insight into mechanism of reduced fertility.
Topics: 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; Animals; Calcium; Cattle; Cumulus Cells; Diet; Fatty Acids; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; Female; Insulins; Lactation; Milk; Oocytes; Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha; Postpartum Period; Pregnancy; Reactive Oxygen Species; Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 4; Transcriptome
PubMed: 35940920
DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-21919 -
Journal of Oleo Science 2023Eleven fatty acids were identified during maturity in the wild (AraA) and varieties peanut kernels (AraC and AraT). These fatty acids included C (palmitic acid), C...
Eleven fatty acids were identified during maturity in the wild (AraA) and varieties peanut kernels (AraC and AraT). These fatty acids included C (palmitic acid), C (stearic acid), C (oleic acid), C (linoleic acid), C (nonadecanoic acid), C (gadoleic acid), C (arachidic acid), C (erucic acid), C (behenic acid), C (tricosanoic acid) and C (linoceric acid). Two fatty acids C and C were not previously detected from peanut kernels. Furthermore, eight major fatty acids (C, C, C, C, C, C, C and C) were quantified during maturity. Wild AraA was distinguished by its highest level of oleic (38.72%) and stearic (2.63%) acids contents and the lowest one of linoleic acid (19.40%) compared to the varieties. As for the O/L ratio, wild AraA presents a significantly higher (p < 0.05) (O/L = 2) than that of the AraC and AraT varieties with (O/L = 1.7 and 1.04) respectively. Correlation coefficients (r) between the eight major fatty acids revealed an inverse association between oleic and linoleic acids (r = -0.99, p < 0.001), while linoleic acid was positively correlated to palmitic acid (r = 0.97). These results aim to provide a detailed basis for quality improvement in the cultivated peanut with wild resources.
Topics: Arachis; Linoleic Acid; Fatty Acids; Oleic Acid; Palmitic Acid
PubMed: 36990747
DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess22400 -
Membranes May 2021The search for new formulations for transdermal drug delivery (TDD) is an important field in medicine and cosmetology. Molecules with specific physicochemical properties...
The search for new formulations for transdermal drug delivery (TDD) is an important field in medicine and cosmetology. Molecules with specific physicochemical properties which can increase the permeability of active ingredients across the stratum corneum (SC) are called chemical penetration enhancers (CPEs), and it was shown that some CPEs can act synergistically. In this study, we performed coarse-grained (CG) molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of the lidocaine delivery facilitated by two CPEs-linoleic acid (LA) and ethanol-through the SC model membrane containing cholesterol, N-Stearoylsphingosine (DCPE), and behenic acid. In our simulations, we probed the effects of individual CPEs as well as their combination on various properties of the SC membrane and the lidocaine penetration across it. We demonstrated that the addition of both CPEs decreases the membrane thickness and the order parameters of the DPCE hydrocarbon chains. Moreover, LA also enhances diffusion of the SC membrane components, especially cholesterol. The estimated potential of mean force (PMF) profiles for the lidocaine translocation across SC in the presence/absence of two individual CPEs and their combination demonstrated that while ethanol lowers the free energy barrier for lidocaine to enter SC, LA decreases the depth of the free energy minima for lidocaine inside SC. These two effects supposedly result in synergistic penetration enhancement of drugs. Altogether, the present simulations provide a detailed molecular picture of CPEs' action and their synergistic effect on the penetration of small molecular weight therapeutics that can be beneficial for the design of novel drug and cosmetics formulations.
PubMed: 34072597
DOI: 10.3390/membranes11060410 -
Biology Aug 2022Aquaculture has been expanding in Malaysia due to the increased demand for fish products. In addition, aquaculture faces challenges in maintaining feed suitability in...
Aquaculture has been expanding in Malaysia due to the increased demand for fish products. In addition, aquaculture faces challenges in maintaining feed suitability in support of the global growth of fish production. Therefore, improvements in diet formulation are necessary to achieve the optimal requirements and attain a desirable growth efficiency and health performance in fish. Seven weeks of study were conducted to compare the equal amounts of different fatty acids (2%) (oleic acid, stearic acid, palmitic acid, and behenic acid) on the survival, the growth, and the immune response of hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus × Epinephelus lanceolatus) against V. vulnificus. After six weeks of the feeding trial, fish were challenged with V. vulnificus for 30 min before continuing on the same feeding regime for the next seven days (post-bacterial challenge). Fish supplemented with dietary oleic acid showed significantly (p < 0.05) enhanced immune responses, i.e., lysozyme, respiratory burst, and phagocytic activities compared to the control diet group for both pre-and post-bacterial challenges. Following the Vibrio challenge, no significant effects of supplemented fatty acid diets on survival rate were observed, although dietary oleic acid demonstrated the highest 63.3% survival rate compared to only 43.3% of the control diet group. In addition, there were no significant effects (p > 0.05) on specific growth rate (SGR), white blood cell (WBC), and red blood cell (RBC) counts among all experimental diets. The results from this study suggest that among the tested dietary fatty acids, the oleic acid diet showed promising results in the form of elevated immune responses and increased disease resistance of the hybrid grouper fingerlings challenged with V. vulnificus.
PubMed: 36138767
DOI: 10.3390/biology11091288 -
Microbiome Oct 2022Process and function that underlie the assembly of a rhizosphere microbial community may be strongly linked to the maintenance of plant health. However, their assembly...
BACKGROUND
Process and function that underlie the assembly of a rhizosphere microbial community may be strongly linked to the maintenance of plant health. However, their assembly processes and functional changes in the deterioration of soilborne disease remain unclear. Here, we investigated features of rhizosphere microbiomes related to Fusarium wilt disease and assessed their assembly by comparison pair of diseased/healthy sequencing data. The untargeted metabolomics was employed to explore potential community assembly drivers, and shotgun metagenome sequencing was used to reveal the mechanisms of metabolite-mediated process after soil conditioning.
RESULTS
Results showed the deterministic assembly process associated with diseased rhizosphere microbiomes, and this process was significantly correlated to five metabolites (tocopherol acetate, citrulline, galactitol, octadecylglycerol, and behenic acid). Application of the metabolites resulted in a deterministic assembly of microbiome with the high morbidity of watermelon. Furthermore, metabolite conditioning was found to weaken the function of autotoxin degradation undertaken by specific bacterial group (Bradyrhizobium, Streptomyces, Variovorax, Pseudomonas, and Sphingomonas) while promoting the metabolism of small-molecule sugars and acids initiated from another bacterial group (Anaeromyxobacter, Bdellovibrio, Conexibacter, Flavobacterium, and Gemmatimonas). Video Abstract CONCLUSION: These findings strongly suggest that shifts in a metabolite-mediated microbial community assembly process underpin the deterministic establishment of soilborne Fusarium wilt disease and reveal avenues for future research focusing on ameliorating crop loss due to this pathogen.
Topics: Rhizosphere; Soil Microbiology; Citrulline; alpha-Tocopherol; Microbiota; Fusarium; Bacteria; Soil; Sugars; Galactitol
PubMed: 36271396
DOI: 10.1186/s40168-022-01375-z -
Asian Journal of Andrology 2021Obesity is a major worldwide health problem that is related to most chronic diseases, including male infertility. Owing to its wide impact on health, mechanisms...
Obesity is a major worldwide health problem that is related to most chronic diseases, including male infertility. Owing to its wide impact on health, mechanisms underlying obesity-related infertility remain unknown. In this study, we report that mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for over 2 months showed reduced fertility rates and increased germ cell apoptosis, seminiferous tubule degeneration, and decreased intratesticular estradiol (E2) and E2-to-testosterone ratio. Interestingly, we also detected a decrease in testicular fatty acid levels, behenic acid (C22:0), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3), which may be related to the production of dysfunctional spermatozoa. Overall, we did not detect any changes in the frequency of seminiferous tubule stages, sperm count, or rate of in vitro capacitation. However, there was an increase in spontaneous and progesterone-induced acrosomal exocytosis (acrosome reaction) in spermatozoa from HFD-fed mice. These data suggest that a decrease in E2 and fatty acid levels influences spermatogenesis and some steps of acrosome biogenesis that will have consequences for fertilization. Thus, our results add new evidence about the adverse effect of obesity in male reproduction and suggest that the acrosomal reaction can also be affected under this condition.
Topics: Acrosome Reaction; Animals; Diet, High-Fat; Disease Models, Animal; Docosahexaenoic Acids; Infertility, Male; Male; Mice; Obesity; Spermatozoa; Testis
PubMed: 33269725
DOI: 10.4103/aja.aja_76_20 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2016Quorum sensing (QS) systems communicate bacterial population and stimulate microbial pathogenesis through signaling molecules. Inhibition of QS signals potentially...
Quorum sensing (QS) systems communicate bacterial population and stimulate microbial pathogenesis through signaling molecules. Inhibition of QS signals potentially suppresses microbial infections. Antimicrobial properties of Streptomyces have been extensively studied, however, less is known about quorum sensing inhibitory (QSI) activities of Streptomyces. This study explored the QSI potential of Streptomyces isolated from soil. Sixty-five bacterial isolates were purified from soil samples with morphological characteristics of Streptomyces. The three isolates: S6, S12, and S17, exhibited QSI effect by screening with the reporter, Chromobacterium violaceum. Isolate S17 was identified as Streptomyces coelicoflavus by sequencing of the hypervariable regions (V1-V6) of 16S rRNA and was assigned gene bank number KJ855087. The QSI effect of the cell-free supernatant of isolate S17 was not abolished by proteinase K indicating the non-enzymatic activity of QSI components of S17. Three major compounds were isolated and identified, using spectroscopic techniques (1D, 2D NMR, and Mass spectrometry), as behenic acid (docosanoic acid), borrelidin, and 1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid. 1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid inhibited QS and related virulence factors of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 including; elastase, protease, and pyocyanin without affecting Pseudomonas viability. At the molecular level, 1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid suppressed the expression of QS genes (lasI, lasR, lasA, lasB, rhlI, rhlR, pqsA, and pqsR). Moreover, QSI activity of S17 was assessed under different growth conditions and ISP2 medium supplemented with glucose 0.4% w/v and adjusted at pH 7, showed the highest QSI action. In conclusion, 1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid, one of the major metabolites of Streptomyces isolate S17, inhibited QS and virulence determinants of P. aeruginosa PAO1. The findings of the study open the scope to exploit the in vivo efficacy of this active molecule as anti-pathogenic and anti-virulence of P. aeruginosa.
PubMed: 27242690
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00659 -
Journal of Food Science and Technology Jun 2018This study was performed in order to evaluate efficiency of near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) for the determination of fatty acid composition ratio of...
This study was performed in order to evaluate efficiency of near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) for the determination of fatty acid composition ratio of sunflower seeds and to compare performance of calibration methods. Calibration equations were developed using modified partial least squares (MPLS) and partial least squares (PLS) regression methods. Ninety-three sunflower seed varieties were from test field of East Mediterranean Agricultural Research Institute. In order to determine the reference fatty acid values needed to construct calibration in NIRS analysis, sunflower seed samples were analyzed by gas chromatography method. Coefficients of determination (R) in calibration were developed using MPLS and PLS as follows: for palmitic acid 0.706-0.664, for stearic acid 0.615-0.654, for oleic acid 0.996-0.994, for linoleic acid 0.995-0.994, for arachidic acid 0.768-0.643, for linolenic acid 0.818-0.763, for behenic acid 0.891-0.776, for eicosapentaenoic 0.933-0.892, for unsaturated fatty acid 0.837-0.890 and for saturated fatty acid 0.837-0.890 respectively. The results showed that NIRS was a reliable technique that can be used as a tool for rapid pre-screening of fatty acid composition of sunflower seeds.
PubMed: 29892132
DOI: 10.1007/s13197-018-3150-x -
Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology... Apr 2010The gold standard for the diagnosis of fat malabsorption, the 72-hour fat balance study, requires a 3-day collection to generate a coefficient of fat absorption (CFA).... (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial Comparative Study
OBJECTIVES
The gold standard for the diagnosis of fat malabsorption, the 72-hour fat balance study, requires a 3-day collection to generate a coefficient of fat absorption (CFA). We hypothesized that a new test using behenic acid (behenate test) as a nonabsorbable lipid marker may provide a facile means to assess fat absorption. The study proposed to answer 2 questions: first, whether the behenate test correlated with the gold standard and, second, whether the CFA improved when taking pancreatic enzymes during meals instead of taking them before meals.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
The study compared the behenate test with the gold standard in 15 patients with cystic fibrosis during 3 arms that require 3- to 4-day hospitalization: first, taking pancreatic enzymes before meals; second, taking it during meals; and third, without taking it.
RESULTS
The mean CFA was 78.3% when pancreatic enzymes were taken during meals and 80.4% when these enzymes were taken before meals. Correlation between the CFA and the behenate test for collections during all 3 arms was r = 0.219 (P = 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS
Timing of ingestion of pancreatic enzymes does not significantly alter the CFA. Although the CFA correlates with the behenate test, the correlation is not robust enough to justify replacement of the gold standard by this test. It is unclear whether the poor correlation between tests relates to intermeal variability in fat excretion or other factors; however, the behenate test may be suitable as a screening test for the detection of fat malabsorption.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Child; Clinical Chemistry Tests; Cystic Fibrosis; Dietary Fats; Dietary Supplements; Drug Administration Schedule; Enzyme Therapy; Enzymes; Fatty Acids; Feces; Female; Humans; Intestinal Absorption; Lauric Acids; Malabsorption Syndromes; Male; Middle Aged; Pancreas; Time Factors; Young Adult
PubMed: 20179641
DOI: 10.1097/MPG.0b013e3181b18308